Determining uncertainty

The Zn2Z^2_n Software provides an estimative of uncertainty on the selected peak region, based on the σ\sigma of a gaussian like g(x)g(x), function that is fitted with the least-squares method. The best fit in the least-squares sense minimizes the sum of squared residuals (a residual being: the difference between an observed value, and the fitted value provided by a model).

g(x)=e(xx)22σ2 \LARGE g(x) = {\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{(x - \overline{x}) ^ 2}{2 \cdot \sigma ^ 2}}}

The complete process can be visualized on the next figure:

rxjfit

The bandwith limited by the estimated uncertainty would look like this:

rxjband

Pulsed Fraction

The Zn2Z^2_n Software also provides the estimative of the pulsed fraction on the selected peak region, given by the equation wich is defined as follows.

fp(%)=(2Zn2N)12 \Large f_p (\%) = (2 \cdot \frac{Z^2_n}{N}) ^ \frac{1}{2}